Drilling Rigs & Accessories Final Supplement

1

Mud Agitator

Carbon steel (A36) base, stainless steel (316L) impeller, alloy steel (42CrMo) drive shaft, rubber vibration isolators

1. Impeller wear due to abrasion by high-concentration solid particles in the mud; 2. Drive shaft bending fatigue from unbalanced impeller rotation.

1. Select impellers with tungsten carbide hardfacing for high-solids mud, inspect impeller wear every 30 days; 2. Conduct dynamic balance testing of the impeller quarterly, ensure proper alignment of the drive shaft and motor.

2

Mud Tank

Carbon steel (Q235) tank body with anti-corrosion coating (epoxy resin), stainless steel (304) internal baffles, rubber gaskets

1. Tank body corrosion due to long-term contact with acidic/alkaline mud and marine salt spray; 2. Welding seam cracking due to vibration during transportation or operation.

1. Inspect the anti-corrosion coating monthly, touch up with epoxy resin if peeling occurs; 2. Reinforce welding seams with stiffeners for offshore use, conduct ultrasonic testing of seams every 6 months.

3

Mixing system

Alloy steel (40Cr) mixing shaft, stainless steel (316) mixing blades, cast iron (HT250) gearbox

1. Mixing blade wear due to high-velocity impact with mud additives (e.g., barite); 2. Gearbox wear due to contamination of lubricating oil by mud splashes.

1. Use replaceable wear plates on mixing blades, replace when wear exceeds 2mm; 2. Install a protective cover around the gearbox to prevent mud splashes, replace lubricating oil every 500 working hours.

4

Mud Gan

High-strength alloy steel (25CrNiMo), quenched and tempered, with corrosion-resistant galvanized coating

1. Wear of the surface due to friction with mud and solid particles; 2. Bending deformation due to improper handling and collision during on-site use.

1. Apply anti-wear grease to the surface before use, clean and reapply after each shift; 2. Store the mud gan in a dedicated rack to avoid collision, inspect for straightness before each use using a laser level.

1

Drill pipe

High-strength alloy steel (E75, X95), seamless rolling, quenched and tempered, with thread hardfacing and corrosion-resistant coating

1. Thread galling and wear during make-up/break-out operations; 2. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in sour wells with H₂S and high chloride ion content.

1. Use API-specified thread compound, control make-up torque within the range of 80-100% of the rated value; 2. For sour well service, use drill pipes with CRAs (Corrosion-Resistant Alloys) and conduct monthly ultrasonic corrosion testing.

2

Threaded Rings

Stainless steel (316L) or alloy steel (4140), precision-machined threads, with anti-galling treatment

1. Thread wear due to repeated make-up/break-out with drill pipes; 2. Corrosion due to contact with drilling fluid and moisture.

1. Calibrate the threaded rings every 3 months to ensure thread precision, avoid using worn rings; 2. Clean the threads with a wire brush after each use, apply anti-corrosion oil, and store in a dry environment.

1

Seals

Fluororubber (Viton) for high-temperature/high-chemical resistance, nitrile rubber (NBR) for general service, PTFE composite for low-friction applications

1. Seal aging and cracking due to high temperature (above 120℃) and chemical incompatibility with hydraulic oil; 2. Seal damage due to contamination of hydraulic oil by metal particles.

1. Select seals compatible with hydraulic oil type and operating temperature, replace every 6 months or when leakage is detected; 2. Maintain hydraulic oil cleanliness at NAS 7 level, replace oil filters every 200 working hours.

2

Piston Rods

Alloy steel (42CrMo) with hard chrome plating, or stainless steel (316L) for corrosive environments, nitrided surface treatment

1. Surface plating wear due to friction with seals and contamination by hard particles; 2. Bending deformation due to eccentric load during operation.

1. Install a rod wiper to remove particles from the rod surface, inspect the plating for scratches monthly; 2. Ensure proper alignment of the piston rod with the cylinder, use a dial gauge to check concentricity quarterly.

3

Cylinder Heads

Stainless steel (316L) or alloy steel (40Cr), with precision-machined sealing grooves, corrosion-resistant coating

1. Sealing groove wear due to repeated compression of seals; 2. Corrosion due to moisture and chemical substances in the operating environment.

1. Inspect the sealing groove for wear every 500 working hours, rework if the wear depth exceeds 0.1mm; 2. For offshore use, apply anti-corrosion coating to the external surface, inspect for rust monthly.

4

Pony Rods

Alloy steel (35CrMo), heat-treated for fatigue resistance, with hard chrome plating on the surface

1. Surface wear due to friction with guide sleeves; 2. Fatigue failure due to repeated reciprocating motion and axial load.

1. Lubricate the surface with high-temperature grease every 100 working hours, replace guide sleeves when worn; 2. Conduct magnetic particle inspection (MPI) every 3 months to detect fatigue cracks, limit the number of reciprocating cycles within the design limit.

1

Fishing Tools

Alloy steel (4140H) body, tungsten carbide inserts, stainless steel (316L) fasteners

1. Insert wear due to contact with downhole junk and hard formations; 2. Body deformation due to excessive pulling force during fishing operations.

1. Select tools with appropriate insert hardness based on downhole conditions, inspect inserts for wear before use; 2. Calculate the maximum allowable pulling force based on tool specifications, use a load cell to monitor real-time force during operation.

2

Safety Joint

Alloy steel (25CrNiMo) upper/lower joints, shear pins made of high-strength steel (65Mn), with anti-corrosion coating

1. Shear pin fatigue due to repeated downhole vibration; 2. Thread wear due to make-up/break-out during multiple fishing operations.

1. Replace shear pins after each shear operation, select pins with the correct shear strength rating; 2. Use API thread compound during make-up, avoid over-torque, and inspect threads for damage after each use.

3

Overshot

Alloy steel (42CrMo) body, carbon steel (1045) slips with hardfacing, rubber seals

1. Slip wear due to clamping and pulling of downhole tools; 2. Seal damage due to contamination by drilling fluid and sand particles.

1. Replace slips when the wear amount exceeds 3mm, ensure the slips are properly seated before pulling; 2. Flush the overshot with clean fluid before use to remove contaminants, inspect seals for integrity monthly.

4

Spear

Alloy steel (35CrMo) spear body, tungsten carbide teeth, stainless steel (316) locking mechanism

1. Tooth wear and shedding due to engagement with drill pipe internal threads; 2. Locking mechanism failure due to sand particle intrusion.

1. Match the spear size with the drill pipe internal diameter, avoid forced engagement; 2. Install a filter at the spear inlet to prevent sand particles from entering the locking mechanism, inspect the mechanism for flexibility before use.

5

Reverse Circulating Junk Basket

Alloy steel (4130) basket body, rubber check valve, stainless steel (304) screen

1. Screen clogging and wear due to accumulation of downhole junk; 2. Check valve damage due to impact from large junk particles.

1. Select the appropriate screen mesh size based on junk particle size, clean the screen after each use; 2. Avoid retrieving junk particles larger than the basket's design capacity, inspect the check valve for damage after each operation.

6

Fishing Cup

Nitrile rubber (NBR) or fluororubber (Viton) cup body, alloy steel (40Cr) support frame

1. Cup body wear and tearing due to contact with rough wellbore walls; 2. Frame deformation due to eccentric load during fishing.

1. Use a cup body with appropriate hardness for wellbore conditions (softer for rough walls); 2. Ensure the fishing cup is centered in the wellbore before operation, avoid applying excessive lateral force.

7

Fishing Jar

Alloy steel (25CrNiMo) body, nitrided piston, high-pressure seals

1. Seal wear due to high-pressure fluid scouring; 2. Piston damage due to impact during jarring operations.

1. Maintain the hydraulic fluid pressure within the recommended range, replace seals every 50 jarring cycles; 2. Control the jarring force based on downhole conditions, avoid excessive impact, and inspect the piston for scratches monthly.

8

Die Collar & Taper Tap

High-speed steel (M2) die and tap, alloy steel (42CrMo) shank, with titanium nitride coating

1. Cutting edge wear due to repairing damaged drill pipe threads; 2. Shank bending due to improper torque application.

1. Use cutting fluid during thread repair to reduce wear, replace tools when the cutting edge becomes dull; 2. Use a torque wrench to control the applied torque, avoid using the shank as a lever, and inspect for straightness before use.

9

Liner puller

Alloy steel (4140) puller body, hydraulic cylinder with stainless steel components, wear-resistant slips

1. Slip wear due to clamping and pulling the liner; 2. Hydraulic cylinder leakage due to seal wear from contamination.

1. Replace slips when wear exceeds 2mm, ensure the slips are fully engaged with the liner before pulling; 2. Filter the hydraulic fluid to NAS 8 level, replace seals every 800 working hours, and inspect for leaks daily.

10

Washing pipe & Cutter

Alloy steel (35CrMo) pipe body, tungsten carbide cutting teeth, stainless steel (316) nozzles

1. Cutting teeth wear due to washing and cutting downhole scale and junk; 2. Pipe body corrosion due to contact with acidic washing fluid.

1. Adjust the washing fluid flow rate to maintain optimal cutting efficiency, replace teeth when worn; 2. For acidic washing fluids, use pipe bodies with anti-corrosion coating, flush the pipe with clean fluid after use.

11

Casing Scraper

Alloy steel (42CrMo) body, carbon steel (1045) scraping blades with hardfacing

1. Blade wear due to scraping casing inner wall scale and cement residue; 2. Body deformation due to contact with casing joints.

1. Inspect blade wear every 10 casing joints scraped, replace blades when wear exceeds 1mm; 2. Operate the scraper at a constant speed, avoid rapid rotation when passing through casing joints.

12

Casing Swage

Alloy steel (4140) swage body, tapered surface with hardfacing, stainless steel (316) guide

1. Tapered surface wear due to expanding deformed casing; 2. Guide damage due to contact with rough casing inner walls.

1. Apply lubricating grease to the tapered surface before use, inspect wear after each use; 2. Ensure the swage is centered in the casing, apply force gradually during expansion, avoid sudden impact.

13

Fishing Magnet

Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnet core, stainless steel (316L) housing, rubber protective cover

1. Magnet demagnetization due to high downhole temperature (above 150℃); 2. Housing corrosion due to marine salt spray or sour well environments.

1. Select magnets with temperature resistance ≥200℃ for high-temperature wells, inspect magnetic force before use; 2. For corrosive environments, use double-layer stainless steel housing, apply anti-corrosion coating, and inspect for rust monthly.

14

Bumper Jar

Alloy steel (25CrNiMo) body, alloy steel (42CrMo) mandrel, high-pressure seals

1. Mandrel wear due to reciprocating motion and fluid scouring; 2. Seal leakage due to contamination by sand particles.

1. Lubricate the mandrel with high-pressure grease every 50 working hours, inspect for wear monthly; 2. Flush the bumper jar with clean fluid before use to remove sand particles, replace seals when leakage is detected.

1

Valve Caps

Stainless steel (316L) or alloy steel (40Cr), with corrosion-resistant coating, rubber gaskets

1. Gasket wear and leakage due to vibration and pressure fluctuations; 2. Corrosion due to contact with drilling fluid and moisture.

1. Tighten the valve cap evenly using a torque wrench, replace gaskets every 3 months; 2. Clean the valve cap surface regularly, apply anti-corrosion oil for onshore use, and use stainless steel caps for offshore use.

2

Valve Guides

Stainless steel (316) or bronze, with precision-machined surfaces, lubrication grooves

1. Surface wear due to friction with valve stems; 2. Clogging of lubrication grooves due to contamination by fluid impurities.

1. Lubricate the valve guide with high-temperature grease every 100 working hours; 2. Clean the lubrication grooves regularly to remove impurities, inspect the guide for wear using a micrometer quarterly.

3

Shearing Pump

Alloy steel (42CrMo) pump body, tungsten carbide rotor and stator, stainless steel (316L) fittings

1. Rotor and stator wear due to shearing of high-viscosity mud and solid particles; 2. Seal leakage due to high-pressure fluid scouring.

1. Control the inlet fluid solid content ≤0.5% to reduce wear, replace rotor and stator every 1000 working hours; 2. Use high-pressure resistant seals (Viton), inspect for leakage daily, and replace when necessary.

4

Plugs

Rubber (NBR/Viton) plug body, alloy steel (40Cr) core, stainless steel (304) fasteners

1. Plug body wear and deformation due to contact with pipe inner walls; 2. Core corrosion due to contact with acidic/alkaline fluids.

1. Select plugs with appropriate size and hardness for the pipe diameter, inspect for deformation before use; 2. For corrosive fluids, use plugs with stainless steel cores, flush with clean fluid after use.

5

Flow control products

Alloy steel (A105) body, stainless steel (316L) internals, tungsten carbide flow control elements

1. Flow control element wear due to high-velocity fluid scouring; 2. Body corrosion due to marine salt spray or sour well fluids.

1. Adjust the flow rate to avoid exceeding the element's design limit, inspect for wear every 6 months; 2. For offshore/sour well use, select products with anti-corrosion materials and coatings, conduct periodic corrosion testing.

6

Demco Gate valve

Carbon steel (A216 WCB) body, stainless steel (316) gate and seat, rubber seals

1. Gate and seat wear due to abrasive fluid scouring; 2. Seal leakage due to improper valve closing.

1. Fully open/close the valve during operation to avoid partial opening which causes scouring; 2. Inspect the gate and seat for wear every 500 working hours, replace seals every 3 months, and conduct pressure testing monthly.

7

Cameron FC Gate valve

Alloy steel (A182 F22) body, Inconel 625 gate and seat, metal-to-metal seals

1. Seal wear due to high-temperature and high-pressure fluid; 2. Valve stem corrosion due to moisture and chemicals.

1. Lubricate the valve stem with high-temperature, anti-corrosion grease every 200 working hours; 2. Keep the valve stem packing tight to prevent moisture entry, inspect for corrosion monthly, and replace packing when leakage occurs.

8

WKM Expanding Gate valve

Stainless steel (316L) body, alloy steel (4140) expanding gate, PTFE seat inserts

1. Seat insert wear due to gate expansion and contraction; 2. Expanding mechanism failure due to sand particle intrusion.

1. Operate the valve slowly to avoid sudden gate expansion, inspect seat inserts for wear every 400 working hours; 2. Flush the valve with clean fluid regularly to remove sand particles, inspect the expanding mechanism for flexibility before use.

9

Demco Butterfly valve

Aluminum alloy body, stainless steel (316) disc, EPDM rubber seat

1. Disc wear due to fluid scouring; 2. Seat damage due to improper disc closing and foreign matter stuck.

1. Avoid operating the valve at high flow rates for long periods, inspect the disc for wear every 3 months; 2. Clean the valve seat before closing to remove foreign matter, replace the seat when cracks or wear are detected.

10

SPM Plug valve

Alloy steel (4140) body, stainless steel (316) plug, PTFE sleeve

1. PTFE sleeve wear due to plug rotation; 2. Body corrosion due to contact with drilling fluid.

1. Lubricate the plug with compatible grease every 150 working hours, replace the sleeve when wear exceeds 0.2mm; 2. For corrosive fluids, use a fluororubber sleeve, clean the valve body after use, and apply anti-corrosion coating.

11

SPM Check valve

Stainless steel (316L) body, titanium alloy valve ball, fluororubber seals

1. Valve ball wear due to fluid scouring and contact with solid particles; 2. Seal leakage due to foreign matter stuck between the ball and seat.

1. Install a filter upstream of the valve to remove solid particles, inspect the valve ball for wear monthly; 2. Flush the valve with clean fluid regularly to remove foreign matter, replace seals when leakage is detected.

12

Relief valve

Alloy steel (A105) body, stainless steel (316) valve core, spring made of high-carbon steel (65Mn)

1. Valve core wear due to high-pressure fluid scouring; 2. Spring fatigue due to repeated compression and pressure fluctuations.

1. Calibrate the relief valve every 3 months to ensure accurate pressure setting, inspect the valve core for wear; 2. Limit the number of pressure relief cycles, replace the spring every 12 months, and avoid over-pressurization of the system.

1

Screen

Stainless steel (304/316L) mesh, carbon steel (Q235) frame, with anti-corrosion coating

1. Mesh wear and tearing due to abrasion by solid particles in the fluid; 2. Frame corrosion due to moisture and chemicals.

1. Select the appropriate mesh size based on particle separation requirements, replace screens when holes are detected; 2. Clean the screen regularly to remove debris, use stainless steel frames for offshore/corrosive environments.

2

Wear Plates

Alloy steel (NM450) with tungsten carbide hardfacing, or rubber (NR) for impact protection

1. Hardfacing wear due to continuous impact and friction with equipment; 2. Plate deformation due to excessive impact load.

1. Inspect the hardfacing thickness every 3 months, replace plates when wear exceeds 5mm; 2. Install the wear plates firmly to avoid vibration, use rubber-backed plates for high-impact areas.

3

Clamps

Stainless steel (316L) or alloy steel (40Cr), with rubber anti-slip pads, high-strength bolts

1. Bolt loosening and corrosion due to vibration and moisture; 2. Rubber pad aging and hardening due to sunlight and high temperature.

1. Use lock washers to prevent bolt loosening, inspect and retighten every month; 2. Replace rubber pads every 6 months, store spare clamps in a shaded and dry environment.

4

Seat Pullers

Alloy steel (42CrMo) puller body, stainless steel (316) jaws, high-strength screws

1. Jaw wear due to pulling seats and other components; 2. Screw damage due to excessive torque application.

1. Select the correct puller size for the component, avoid forced pulling; 2. Use a torque wrench to apply torque, lubricate the screw threads before use, and inspect for wear after each operation.

1

Fluid end modules

Alloy steel (4140) module body, tungsten carbide valve seats, stainless steel (316L) valves

1. Valve seat wear due to high-pressure fluid scouring and solid particle abrasion; 2. Module body cracking due to excessive pressure and vibration.

1. Maintain drilling fluid solid content ≤0.1% to reduce wear, replace valve seats every 500 working hours; 2. Monitor pump discharge pressure to avoid over-pressurization, conduct ultrasonic testing of the module body every 6 months.

1

FMC Swivel Joint

Alloy steel (4140) body, stainless steel (316L) ball, PTFE seals, carbon steel (A36) flanges

1. Ball wear due to rotating motion and fluid scouring; 2. Seal leakage due to contamination by sand particles.

1. Lubricate the swivel joint with high-pressure grease every 100 working hours, inspect the ball for wear monthly; 2. Install a filter upstream to prevent sand particles from entering, replace seals when leakage is detected.

2

Flanged pressure gauge

Stainless steel (316L) case, brass internal components, tempered glass cover

1. Glass cover breakage due to impact from falling objects; 2. Internal component corrosion due to moisture and chemicals.

1. Install a protective grille over the glass cover, inspect for damage daily; 2. For corrosive environments, use a gauge with a fully stainless steel construction, calibrate the gauge every 3 months.

3

Changeover and Crossover

Alloy steel (A105) body, stainless steel (316L) internal components, spiral-wound gaskets

1. Gasket wear and leakage due to pressure fluctuations; 2. Body corrosion due to contact with drilling fluid.

1. Tighten flange bolts in a crisscross pattern using a torque wrench, replace gaskets every 6 months; 2. Clean the body surface regularly, apply anti-corrosion coating for onshore use, and use stainless steel bodies for offshore use.