Classified Product Guide for Onshore & Offshore Drilling

1

Drilling Strings

High-strength alloy steel (N80, P110), quenched and tempered, with corrosion-resistant coating (for sour wells)

1. Torsional fatigue from repeated torque fluctuations during directional drilling; 2. Erosion-corrosion by high-velocity drilling fluid containing sand particles and H₂S.

1. Monitor torque values in real time, avoid exceeding the maximum torsional limit specified by API Spec 7-1; 2. For sour well operations, use strings with CRAs (Corrosion-Resistant Alloys) and conduct periodic corrosion ultrasonic testing.

2

Kelly

Alloy steel (4140H), carburized surface, with wear-resistant hardbanding

1. Abrasive wear of the square/hexagonal section due to friction with the Kelly bushing during rotation; 2. Bending fatigue from eccentric load during drilling.

1. Ensure proper lubrication between Kelly and bushing, apply high-temperature molybdenum disulfide grease every 8 hours; 2. Align the Kelly with the rotary table center to avoid eccentric load, conduct straightness inspection monthly.

3

H-W Drill pipe

Microalloyed steel (30Mn2V), seamless rolling, with phosphatization treatment

1. Thread wear and galling during make-up/break-out operations; 2. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in marine environments with high chloride ion content.

1. Use thread compound compatible with the pipe material (e.g., API Modified Thread Compound) and control make-up torque within the recommended range; 2. For offshore use, apply anti-corrosion wrapping to the thread area and inspect for rust weekly.

4

Drill Collar

Alloy steel (4145H), forged, heat-treated, with hardfacing on the outer diameter

1. Wear of the outer diameter due to contact with wellbore walls (casing or formation); 2. Fatigue cracking at the tool joint root from repeated axial loads.

1. Use centralizers to reduce wellbore contact, inspect hardfacing wear every drilling cycle; 2. Conduct magnetic particle inspection (MPI) on tool joint roots before each use to detect microcracks.

5

Stabilizer

Alloy steel (4130), with tungsten carbide inserts on the stabilizer blades

1. Impact wear of blades from contact with hard formation rocks; 2. Erosion of inserts by high-velocity drilling fluid.

1. Select stabilizers with appropriate blade length and insert density based on formation hardness; 2. Monitor drilling fluid flow rate to avoid exceeding the erosion limit of the inserts, inspect inserts for shedding regularly.

6

X-over Subs

Alloy steel (42CrMo), forged, with precision-machined threads (API REG/IF)

1. Thread damage due to misalignment during make-up; 2. Fatigue failure from repeated torque and axial load cycles.

1. Use a guide tool during make-up to ensure thread alignment, avoid forced make-up; 2. Limit the number of make-up/break-out cycles to within 50, conduct NDT inspection after 25 cycles.

7

Drilling Jar

Alloy steel (25CrNiMo), with nitrided piston rod, high-pressure seals

1. Seal wear due to contamination of hydraulic oil by drilling fluid; 2. Piston rod damage from impact during jarring operations.

1. Maintain hydraulic oil cleanliness (NAS 7 standard) and replace oil filters every 100 working hours; 2. Control jarring force within the manufacturer's limit, avoid excessive impact, and inspect piston rod for scratches monthly.

8

Hole opener

Alloy steel (4140) body, tungsten carbide cutting teeth

1. Cutting teeth wear or shedding due to drilling hard formations (e.g., granite); 2. Body deformation from uneven cutting forces.

1. Adjust drilling parameters (rotary speed, weight on bit) according to formation lithology, avoid overloading; 2. Inspect cutting teeth for wear before each use, replace worn teeth in sets to ensure even force distribution.

9

Under reamer

Alloy steel (35CrMo) body, hydraulic cylinder with stainless steel (316L) components

1. Hydraulic cylinder jamming due to sand particle intrusion; 2. Blade wear from contact with wellbore casing during expansion/contraction.

1. Install a sand filter in the hydraulic system, flush the system before each use; 2. Ensure the wellbore is clean before reaming, avoid expanding the reamer in cased sections with irregular inner diameters.

10

Down Hole motor

Alloy steel (4145H) housing, nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy rotor, rubber stator

1. Stator rubber aging and swelling due to contact with high-temperature drilling fluid (above 180℃); 2. Rotor wear due to sand particle abrasion in the drilling fluid.

1. Select stators with temperature resistance matching downhole conditions (≥200℃ for high-temperature wells); 2. Use drilling fluid with sand content ≤0.1%, install a high-efficiency desander upstream of the mud system.

1

Mud pump & Accessories

Cast steel (A216 WCB) pump body, alloy steel (42CrMo) crankshaft, stainless steel (304) valves

1. Valve seat wear due to abrasive drilling fluid containing cuttings; 2. Crankshaft bearing damage due to inadequate lubrication and high load.

1. Use wear-resistant valve seats (tungsten carbide) and install a suction strainer to reduce cuttings entering the pump; 2. Use high-pressure lubricating oil (ISO VG 68) and maintain oil level within the specified range, inspect bearings for temperature rise daily.

2

Triplex Single Acting Mud pump

Forged alloy steel (4140) connecting rods, nitrided plungers, polyurethane seals

1. Plunger wear due to sand particle abrasion in the drilling fluid; 2. Seal leakage due to high-pressure fluid scouring and temperature rise.

1. Install a plunger sleeve with wear-resistant lining, replace sleeves when wear exceeds 0.5mm; 2. Control pump discharge pressure within the rated limit (≤35MPa), monitor fluid temperature, and replace seals every 500 working hours.

3

Pulsation Dampener

Alloy steel (A105) shell, natural rubber bladder, stainless steel (316) fittings

1. Bladder rupture due to over-pressurization; 2. Shell corrosion due to contact with acidic drilling fluid.

1. Install a pressure relief valve to avoid over-pressurization, check pre-charge pressure weekly; 2. For acidic fluids, use a fluororubber bladder and apply anti-corrosion coating to the shell interior.

4

Pistons

Ceramic-coated aluminum alloy, or tungsten carbide (for high-abrasion scenarios)

1. Coating peeling due to impact from hard particles in the drilling fluid; 2. Piston rod bending due to misalignment with the cylinder.

1. Use a high-efficiency filter to remove hard particles (≥0.1mm) from the drilling fluid; 2. Align the piston rod with the cylinder center during installation, inspect for misalignment monthly using a dial gauge.

5

Valves / inserts

Tungsten carbide valve cores, nitrile rubber inserts (or fluororubber for chemical resistance)

1. Valve core wear due to high-velocity fluid scouring; 2. Insert deformation due to high temperature (above 120℃).

1. Select valves with appropriate flow channels to reduce fluid velocity, inspect valve cores for wear every 200 working hours; 2. For high-temperature applications, use high-temperature resistant inserts (e.g., Viton) and monitor fluid temperature.

6

Seats

Alloy steel (40Cr) with tungsten carbide overlay, or PTFE composite materials

1. Seat surface wear due to contact with valve cores and fluid scouring; 2. Corrosion due to drilling fluid containing chloride ions.

1. Ensure proper valve-seat mating, replace seats when the seal surface shows scratches deeper than 0.2mm; 2. For marine drilling, use corrosion-resistant seat materials (e.g., 316L stainless steel) and apply anti-rust treatment.

7

Floating Valve

Stainless steel (316L) body, titanium alloy valve ball, fluororubber seals

1. Valve ball wear due to contact with cuttings in the drilling fluid; 2. Seal leakage due to foreign matter stuck between the valve ball and seat.

1. Install a screen at the valve inlet to prevent cuttings from entering; 2. Flush the valve with clean fluid regularly to remove foreign matter, inspect the valve ball and seat for seal integrity monthly.

8

Springs

High-carbon steel (65Mn) or stainless steel (304), heat-treated for fatigue resistance

1. Fatigue failure due to repeated compression/extension cycles; 2. Corrosion and breakage in humid or corrosive environments.

1. Limit the spring deflection within the elastic range, avoid over-compression; 2. For offshore or corrosive environments, use stainless steel springs and apply anti-corrosion grease, inspect for rust and deformation monthly.

1

Solid control Equip

Carbon steel (A36) frame, stainless steel (304) screen frames, wear-resistant rubber linings

1. Screen wear due to abrasion by hard cuttings; 2. Frame corrosion due to long-term exposure to drilling fluid and moisture.

1. Select screens with appropriate mesh size based on solid particle size, replace worn screens promptly; 2. Clean the frame with neutral detergent after use, apply anti-rust paint to the frame annually.

2

Shale Shaker

Alloy steel (Q235) base, stainless steel (316) screen, rubber vibration isolators

1. Screen tearing due to impact from large cuttings; 2. Vibration isolator aging and hardening due to long-term high-frequency vibration.

1. Install a grizzly screen upstream to remove large cuttings (≥50mm) before fluid enters the shaker; 2. Inspect vibration isolators for cracks and hardness monthly, replace every 12 months.

3

Desander

Carbon steel (A106 Gr.B) cone, rubber lining, stainless steel (304) fittings

1. Cone lining wear due to high-velocity fluid and sand particle impact; 2. Blockage of the underflow port due to excessive sand accumulation.

1. Monitor fluid flow rate to maintain optimal centrifugal force, avoid exceeding the cone's design capacity; 2. Clean the underflow port regularly, install an automatic flushing system to prevent sand accumulation.

4

Desilter

Aluminum alloy cone, polyurethane lining, stainless steel (316L) manifold

1. Lining wear due to fine sand particle abrasion; 2. Cone damage due to improper installation and vibration.

1. Ensure the desilter is installed on a stable base to reduce vibration; 2. Replace the polyurethane lining when wear exceeds 1mm, inspect cones for cracks monthly using NDT.

5

Centrifuge

Stainless steel (316L) bowl, carbon steel (A36) frame, tungsten carbide scroll

1. Scroll wear due to abrasion by fine solid particles; 2. Bowl imbalance due to uneven solid accumulation.

1. Control the solid content of the inlet fluid (≤10%) to reduce scroll wear; 2. Clean the bowl regularly to avoid uneven solid accumulation, conduct dynamic balance testing every 6 months.

6

Cleaner

Stainless steel (304) body, wear-resistant rubber nozzles, alloy steel (40Cr) brackets

1. Nozzle wear due to high-pressure fluid scouring; 2. Body corrosion due to acidic drilling fluid.

1. Adjust the fluid pressure to the recommended range (1.5-2.5MPa) to reduce nozzle wear; 2. For acidic fluids, use acid-resistant nozzles (e.g., ceramic) and apply anti-corrosion coating to the body interior.

1

Rig Roller Chain

Alloy steel (20CrMnTi) chain plates and pins, nickel-plated surface, roller bearings with bearing steel

1. Chain plate wear and elongation due to high load and inadequate lubrication; 2. Pin and bushing corrosion in humid offshore environments.

1. Apply high-temperature, anti-wear chain grease every 12 hours, adjust chain tension regularly to avoid slack; 2. For offshore use, use nickel-plated or stainless steel chains, inspect for rust and chain elongation weekly.

2

Air Winch

Cast steel (HT300) drum, alloy steel (42CrMo) gears, aluminum alloy housing

1. Drum surface wear due to friction with the steel wire rope; 2. Gear wear due to contamination of lubricating oil by dust and moisture.

1. Use a steel wire rope with appropriate diameter and lubricate the rope regularly to reduce drum wear; 2. Keep the winch housing sealed to prevent dust and moisture entry, replace lubricating oil every 500 working hours.

1

Manual tong

Alloy steel (40Cr) jaw, carbon steel (Q235) handle, rubber grip

1. Jaw wear due to friction with drill pipe tool joints; 2. Handle bending due to excessive torque application.

1. Select tongs with jaw size matching the tool joint, replace jaws when wear exceeds 1mm; 2. Use a torque wrench to control the applied torque, avoid using the handle as a lever to increase torque.

2

Power tong

Alloy steel (42CrMo) body, tungsten carbide jaws, hydraulic cylinder with stainless steel components

1. Jaw wear due to high-torque make-up/break-out operations; 2. Hydraulic system leakage due to seal wear from contamination.

1. Adjust the tong torque according to the tool joint specification, avoid over-torque; 2. Maintain hydraulic oil cleanliness (NAS 8 standard), replace seals every 800 working hours, and inspect for leaks daily.

3

Iron Roughneck

Alloy steel (25CrNiMo) frame, hydraulic motor with alloy steel rotor, wear-resistant jaw inserts

1. Jaw insert wear due to frequent contact with tool joints; 2. Frame fatigue due to high impact during make-up/break-out.

1. Replace jaw inserts when wear exceeds 2mm, use inserts with appropriate hardness for different tool joint materials; 2. Inspect the frame for fatigue cracks using MPI every 6 months, avoid operating the equipment with excessive impact force.

4

Hydraulic Safety Spinning Wrench

Alloy steel (35CrMo) wrench body, hydraulic cylinder with nitrided piston, rubber seals

1. Wrench jaw wear due to spinning friction with tool joints; 2. Piston rod wear due to contamination of hydraulic fluid.

1. Apply lubricating grease to the jaw before use to reduce friction; 2. Filter the hydraulic fluid regularly to remove contaminants, inspect the piston rod for scratches monthly.

5

Hydraulic Torque Wrench

Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) drive shaft, stainless steel (316L) hydraulic components, wear-resistant alloy gears

1. Gear wear due to high torque transmission; 2. Torque sensor inaccuracy due to vibration and impact.

1. Avoid exceeding the maximum torque rating of the wrench, use a torque multiplier for high-torque applications if needed; 2. Calibrate the torque sensor every 3 months, install the wrench on a stable surface to reduce vibration.

6

Air Safety Spinning Wrench

Alloy steel (40Cr) body, aluminum alloy air motor, rubber anti-vibration grips

1. Air motor wear due to dust and moisture in the compressed air; 2. Wrench jaw damage due to contact with hard tool joint edges.

1. Install an air filter and dryer to remove dust and moisture from the compressed air; 2. Align the wrench jaw with the tool joint properly before operation, avoid contact with sharp edges.

7

Kelly Spinner

Alloy steel (4130) housing, bearing steel (GCr15) bearings, rubber seals

1. Bearing wear due to continuous rotation under load; 2. Seal leakage leading to contamination of internal components by drilling fluid.

1. Lubricate bearings with high-temperature grease every 50 working hours; 2. Check seals for leakage every shift, replace worn seals promptly, and keep the spinner housing clean.

8

Hydraulic cathead

Cast steel (A216 WCB) drum, alloy steel (42CrMo) hydraulic motor, stainless steel (304) valves

1. Drum surface wear due to friction with the rope; 2. Hydraulic motor damage due to over-pressurization.

1. Lubricate the rope regularly to reduce drum wear, inspect the drum surface for wear every 100 working hours; 2. Install a pressure relief valve in the hydraulic system to avoid over-pressurization, monitor system pressure during operation.

1

Kelly Cock

Alloy steel (4140) body, stainless steel (316L) ball, fluororubber seals

1. Ball wear due to scouring by high-pressure drilling fluid; 2. Seal leakage due to contamination by foreign matter.

1. Flush the Kelly Cock with clean fluid before closing to remove foreign matter; 2. Inspect the ball and seal for wear every 30 working hours, replace if necessary, and conduct pressure testing monthly.

2

BOP Ram

Alloy steel (25CrNiMo) ram body, polyurethane or nitrile rubber packing, stainless steel (304) fasteners

1. Packing wear due to contact with drill pipe during ram closing; 2. Ram body corrosion due to H₂S in sour wells.

1. Control the ram closing speed to reduce packing friction, replace packing every 50 closing cycles; 2. For sour wells, use H₂S-resistant ram bodies and packing, conduct corrosion inspection every drilling cycle.

3

Casing Bushing

Alloy steel (42CrMo) body, wear-resistant alloy lining, stainless steel (316) seals

1. Lining wear due to rotation of the casing during running; 2. Body deformation due to uneven load during casing landing.

1. Apply lubricating grease to the lining before casing running to reduce friction; 2. Ensure the casing is centered to avoid uneven load, inspect the bushing for deformation after casing running.

4

Liner

High-strength alloy steel (N80Q), quenched and tempered, with external corrosion-resistant coating

1. Thread wear during make-up operations; 2. External corrosion due to contact with formation fluids containing corrosive ions.

1. Use thread compound compatible with the liner material, control make-up torque within the recommended range; 2. Inspect the external coating for damage before running, repair with anti-corrosion tape if needed.

1

Flanges

Carbon steel (A105) or stainless steel (316L), with spiral-wound gaskets (Inconel metal strip + PTFE)

1. Gasket wear and leakage due to uneven bolt tightening; 2. Flange corrosion due to contact with drilling fluid or marine environment.

1. Use a torque wrench to tighten bolts in a crisscross pattern, ensuring uniform pressure; 2. For marine or corrosive environments, use stainless steel flanges and apply anti-corrosion coating, inspect for rust monthly.

1

Feeding pump

Cast iron (HT200) body, stainless steel (304) impeller, nitrile rubber seals

1. Impeller wear due to sand particle abrasion in the fluid; 2. Seal leakage due to high-temperature fluid (above 80℃).

1. Install a filter at the pump inlet to remove sand particles, inspect the impeller for wear every 200 working hours; 2. For high-temperature fluids, use high-temperature resistant seals (e.g., Viton) and monitor fluid temperature.

2

Liner washing pump

Alloy steel (40Cr) body, tungsten carbide plunger, fluororubber seals

1. Plunger wear due to high-pressure fluid scouring and sand particle abrasion; 2. Valve wear due to frequent opening and closing.

1. Use clean fluid for liner washing, maintain pump discharge pressure within the rated limit; 2. Inspect valves and plungers for wear every 150 working hours, replace worn components promptly.

3

Centrifugal Pump

Stainless steel (316L) body, cast iron impeller (or bronze for corrosive fluids), mechanical seals

1. Impeller cavitation due to insufficient inlet pressure; 2. Mechanical seal wear due to contamination of the fluid.

1. Ensure adequate inlet pressure to avoid cavitation, clean the inlet pipeline regularly; 2. Maintain fluid cleanliness, replace mechanical seals every 500 working hours, and inspect for leakage daily.

1

Rig Floor anti-slip mat

Industrial-grade rubber (NBR), with anti-slip texture, fiberglass reinforcement

1. Surface wear due to frequent foot traffic and equipment rolling; 2. Deterioration due to exposure to sunlight, oil, and chemicals.

1. Clean the mat regularly to remove oil and debris, avoid dragging heavy equipment directly on the mat; 2. Store spare mats in a shaded area, replace mats when the anti-slip texture is worn down (less than 1mm depth).

2

Rig Lighting products

Aluminum alloy housing, tempered glass cover, LED light source, stainless steel (304) fasteners

1. Housing corrosion due to marine salt spray or on-site chemicals; 2. Glass cover breakage due to impact from falling objects.

1. For marine use, select lighting products with IP67 or higher protection rating, apply anti-corrosion coating to fasteners; 2. Install protective grilles over the glass cover, inspect for damage daily before use.

3

Control panel

Stainless steel (316L) enclosure, copper wiring, plastic (ABS) control buttons

1. Enclosure corrosion due to moisture and chemicals; 2. Button wear and failure due to frequent operation.

1. Keep the control panel enclosure sealed to prevent moisture and chemical entry, inspect for corrosion monthly; 2. Avoid excessive force when pressing buttons, replace worn buttons promptly, and conduct functional tests daily.